judge carmen mullen political party

The 22nd Judicial Circuit includes the City of St. Louis. .widget-row { Duffie Stone clung to the Murdaugh Murder cases like a barnacle. Bloomberg: Balance of Power focuses on the politics and policiesbeing shaped by the agenda of President Biden's administration. How Choose Your Judges Makes its Recommendations. SC Judge Carmen Mullen, involved in the Alex Murdaugh saga, says she did not abuse her power following a newly revealed 2017 police report. .infobox p { Someone who votes that anti-abortion laws are constitutional? Haley later denounced the Quinn empire. His current term ends on November 13, 2022. display: inline-block; } Tinsley doesnt buy that Mullen agreed to a scheme to hide the settlement. margin-bottom:0px; The SC judicial system is broken from the top down. According to 2-19-110, upon a vacancy in the office of master-in-equity, candidates therefor shall submit an application to the Judicial Merit Selection Commission . background-color: red; padding-left: 10px; Bring it on. . Political History; Social History; Regional Histories. Readers will recall Mullen's husband - Hilton . The exact nature of Mullens ties to Alex Murdaugh remains a matter of guesswork, as does her reason for recusing herself from the boat crash case. Count on MyrtleBeachSC News to be there with cameras rolling. The JMSC is currently headed by Murrell Smith, a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives since 2000 from District 67 (Sumter County). pro-civil liberties or civil rights claimant, especially those exercising less protected civil rights (e.g., homosexuality) pro-child or juvenile. Charleston, SC 29403, News tips/online questions: newstips@postandcourier.com, Delivery/subscription questions: subserve@postandcourier.com, var html = new Date().getFullYear(); They have failed. In any contested election, the vote of each member of the General Assembly present and voting must be recorded. Judge Geoffrey Fish, AZ. This project categorizes state supreme court decisions by parties involved and legal issues involved, but it does not attempt to classify decisions as liberal or conservative. .widget-img { Val Broeksmit a longtime source about Deutsche Bank is missing. Underneath Mullens signature are the words, Presiding Judge.. According to Article V, Section 27 of the S.C. Constitution, candidates for the Court of Appeals must first be screened and found qualified by the Judicial Merit Selection Commission prior to being presented for election by the General Assembly. Houston Capital Murder Case: Dane Schiller told the newspaper that defense lawyers are once again lying to the public and potential jurors about the facts in the murders of Armstrongs parents. According to 1-23-510(A) of the S.C. Code of Laws, the judges of the court must be elected by the General Assembly in joint session. There is now sworn testimony establishing that Judge Mullen signed the Satterfield order on May 13, 2019, knowing it would not be filed to prevent the litigants in the Mallory Beach matter from learning about Mr. Murdaughs insurance coverage and his settlement with the Satterfield estate, Pascoes complaint states. But as everyone knows, the truth is a bit more complicated. } Eyebrows rose Aug. 29 as Murdaugh defense attorney Dick Harpootlian explained that Mullen had also signed search warrants in the double-murder investigation that ultimately charged Alex Murdaugh with the June 2021 slayings of his wife and youngest son. That complaint, like so many filed against S.C. judges, hasnt led to any public discipline. University of South Carolina. She is the daughter of William and Councilwoman Beverly Clyburn. However, when the study was repeated for the next five-year period, the correlation was at least as strong for criminal and civil liberties issues as it was for other types of cases. color: black; Circuit Judge Carmen Mullen found "fundamental, Constitutional violations of due process" in Stinney's case, which took place in the . .courts-container hr {background-color:#f0a236;padding-bottom:2px;}, Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals U.S. District Court: Central District of Illinois, Northern District of Illinois, Southern District of Illinois U.S. Bankruptcy Court: Central District of Illinois, Northern District of Illinois, Southern District of Illinois, Illinois Supreme Court Bland said he isnt surprised he hasnt heard back from state investigators. text-align: center; Click on a judge's name for additional information, including staff contacts, standing orders and forms, if applicable. The Supreme Court's Wednesday ruling also rejected Pascoe's arguments that Judge Mullen had acted improperly during the guilty plea and . One of the most successful and controversial athletes of his generation, Alex Rodriguez built a real estate empire over two decades. Will the Murdaugh case put an end to the JMSC and the system S.C. currently employs in hiring State Judges? Directions. background-color: white; Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. Plus the team discusses a bombshell police report that alleges Carmen Mullen (spelled "Judge Mullins" in the report) injected herself into a neighborhood dispute and attempted to use her judicial position to incarcerate one of the parties without legal authority. Family Judge Assignments; Calendar Search; Toggle navigation Menu Home; Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; Circuit Court; Family Court; Masters-In-Equity; Probate Court; Magistrates Court; Municipal Court; Court Reporters . Their questions about Mullens handling of Murdaugh matters could linger for months, even years, as the states judicial watchdog takes its time sorting through the nebulous Murdaugh saga, experts say. pro-neutrality in religion cases. Now, he's accelerating his move from player to team owner. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. .widget-row.heading { That same year, she faced criticism from the state and local press for sealing public records in several notable cases, including a murder indictment that a defense attorney wanted hidden to prevent undue pretrial publicity.. But why have they run out, and what impact did they have on the Murdaugh saga? Same attorneys, in the same offices, hoping to do the same things, while hiding from their past actions. Judge Carmen Mullen then sentenced Harrison to 18 months in prison. Judge wrong to give lawmaker probation . Your email address will not be published. 1 Colonization and Settlement (1500-1763) 2 Revolution and Early Republic (1754-1801) 3 Expansion and Reform . (See Glossary of Judicial Philosophies for further discussion of what these principles actually mean. font-size: 1.2em; It was 100% my responsibility to design systems that protected my patients and prevented mistakes or bad care. color: white; Please note, judges listed under "Appellate" are circuit judges temporarily assigned to serve as appellate judges on the Illinois Appellate Court, First District, by order of the Illinois Supreme Court. Senators and Legislators great power. color: black; South Carolina Municipal Courts display: inline-block; Illinois Circuit Court, Courts in Illinois Illinois judicial elections Judicial selection in Illinois. These two judicial philosophies are thought to be conservative, but they bear no relationship to what we think of as politically conservative: for example, a judge who exercises judicial restraint should apply that philosophy to anti-abortion laws and to affirmative action laws, preferring to let them both stand in the face of a Constitutional challenge. background-color: grey; They are interested in power. .courts-header { font-size:150%;background-color:#334aab;color:white;} 4) in Joliet, Illinois. Already, the state Supreme Court has disbarred Murdaugh and suspended Cory Fleming. Ginny Jones, a spokeswoman for the states judicial branch, declined to answer any questions about the ODCs Murdaugh investigations, citing state laws that require secrecy. The next JMSC Judicial Screenings will be held, Public Hearings Begin. color: white; background-color: green; Judge Mullens pattern of alleged conduct threatens to erode public trust in our judiciary,. Fax 803-628-3133. Washington, D.C., United States. Administrative Law Judges are arranged and elected according to seat. Carmen Mullen and Duffie Stone are also symptoms of a broken system. Judge Cele Hancock, AZ. According to Article V, Section 13 of the S.C. Constitution, the General Assembly has divided the State into judicial circuits. These decisions may stem from the candidates own moral values, or a cost/benefit analysis of the possible solutions to a problem, or simply what seems to be best for the state or the country. Ever hear that discussion that the reason Alecs name was being taken off that caption was he didnt want Mark Tinsley, who was suing him for the Mallory Beach boating accident, he didnt want anybody to find out in public record that this kind of money was being paid from his homeowners insurance carrier? Bland asked. According to Article V, Section 27 of the S.C. Constitution, candidates for the Circuit Court must first be screened and found qualified by the Judicial Merit Selection Commission prior to being presented for election by the General Assembly. } pro-neutrality in religion cases font-weight: bold; But, for some reason, she wants to dive in head, hands and feet.. .widget-key { The lawmaker in question was former Lexington Republican Rep. Rick Quinn Jr., who had emerged as a central figure in the probe along with his father, powerful GOP consultant Richard Quinn. Her 2006 election to the bench was challenged all the way to the state Supreme Court. Pascoe also declined to comment for this story. Whatever Mullen's reasons for recusing herself from the 2019 boat crash case, they didn't stop her from delving into a recent Murdaugh matter. South Carolina Family Courts pro-judicial activism Pascoes complaint and the sworn transcript, obtained by McClatchy newspapers, are the first public allegations about Mullen and that she did not plan to immediately file the order approving a $3.8 million settlement for the Satterfield family in court because of the publicity over the boating accident.. More than 100 people packed into her courtroom for a hearing that garnered national attention. Those seats are then filled in a joint session of the Legislature. Nothing shall prevent the Governor from rejecting the person nominated by the delegation. Alex Murdaugh was the state polices only known suspect in that case, though he has adamantly denied any involvement. font-size: .9em; Journalist of the Year for his reporting on South Carolina's nuclear fiasco and abuses within the state's electric cooperatives. Afterwards, she worked as an attorney in her own private practice until her election to the bench in 2006.[5]. Judges can remain on the bench even as their integrity is called into question behind closed doors. vertical-align: top; Carmen Goodman is a judge of the Twelfth Circuit Court (Subcircuit No. .top_disclaimer { pro-exercise of judicial power New Statesman Competitions. The latest question: Why, after recusing herself from the boating case because she was so close to the Murdaughs, did Circuit Judge Carmen Mullen apparently sign the never-filed order that was . However, the signature is scrawled and not immediately recognizable as Mullens. When wealthy and politically connected individuals are treated as a privileged class by members of the judiciary, it erodes public trust in government and the fair administration of law.. A different study by Adam Bonica of Stanford and Micheal J. Woodruff of NYU uses campaign finance records to measure the political leanings of state supreme courts. He did help Horry Senator Luke Rankin win a tight 2020 reelection bid by first holding up the sale of the home of Rankins opponent. As another scholar noted, classifying a judge by ideology or political party is misleading, because it divides [judges] into only twoor perhaps threelarge, undifferentiated groups. If a President were trying to decide whether to appoint a candidate to a judgeship, for example, he or she would do more than simply check the party affiliation of the candidate. The JMSC has maintained several constant members for over a decade. width: 150px; } 2022 Per Bylund2021 Jonathan Newman2021 Karl-Friedrich Israel2020 Patrick Newman2019 Timothy D. Terrell2018 Lucas Engelhardt2017 Carmen Dorobat and Matthew McCaffrey2016 David Howden2015 Philipp Bagus 2014 Tom Woods For lifetime defense of liberty, awards $10,000 to a public intellectual or . Northern Illinois University College of Law, 1995, .infobox { Murdaugh was somehow able to sue himself in the wrongful death of his own nanny, who suspiciously fell down a flight of stairs. width: 100%; Beach, 19, died when she was thrown from the vessel. Liberal=. Most studies of judicial decisionmaking use a relatively simple view of liberal or conservative, as described by Professor Daniel R. Pinello in a recent article: Scholars have used consistent definitions of liberal and conservative judicial action. If Rick Quinn was the worst of the worst, why did you allow him to plead to one very limited admission? she asked. I owned a large medical practice for many years. Cookie Notice .widget-value { Little is known about those search warrants, including when Mullen signed them and what investigators sought. font-weight: bold; Murdaugh is currently behind bars at the Alvin S. Glenn Detention Center in Richland County, South Carolina, on a $7 million bond. Ride-along: What does it take to run a Charleston food truck? Paul Murdaughs consumption of alcohol was condoned, encouraged and facilitated by Richard Alexander Murdaugh and Margaret Kennedy Branstetter Murdaugh, the lawsuit said. According to Article V, Section 3 of the S.C. Constitution, the members of the Supreme Court shall be elected by a joint public vote of the General Assembly. To a great extent, of course, this characterization of judges is true: when a judge decides a case, he or she must be guided by the law set out by the other two branches, or by the Constitution. Your email address will not be published. The problem is, at its core, one of terminology. .widget-img { Solicitor David Pascoe asks for the recusal of Circuit Court Judge Carmen Mullen, from the Rick Quinn Jr. case after he says she was no longer being fair or impartial. [1] She was first appointed by the Illinois Supreme Court in January 2007, and was elected in 2010. Insurance agreed to pay out $4.3 million to the family of Satterfield, who helped raise Murdaughs two sons. I dont think it is helpful for me to speak before the process is complete, he said. Bonica and Woordruff study the relationship between judicial selection methods and the quality of ideological representation in the state courts, and conclude that judicial elections can lead to more representative courts but that the beneficial effects are negated by policies intended to promote judicial impartiality by limiting the politicizing effects of partisan affiliation and campaign speech.. Based on data such as those collected in the Spaeth and Songer databases, legal and political science scholars have conducted hundreds of studies on the voting behavior of judges. 2 Civil Rights color: white; [1] She was elected to the court by the South Carolina General Assembly on February 15, 2006. There is nothing in Clemmons history that qualifies him to be a judge. Studies using the Spaeth database are quite common. SC Judge Carmen Mullen will decide whether former Republican consultant Richard Quinn can be prosecuted on perjury and obstruction charges. tmoore@postandcourier.com, By Stephen Fastenau

Would you believe Luke Rankin and the JMSC? In a follow-up hearing, Pascoe accused Mullen of improper communications with Quinns attorneys which she denied and wasting a golden opportunity for the state of South Carolina, in a public corruption case, to send the most corrupt legislator up there to prison for up to a year.. Since her 2006 election to the bench, she has also overseen cases involving Murdaugh and his familys century-old law firm. Read moreThe small city hosting Alex Murdaugh's trial is about to become a media circus. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. Contains correspondence between NS editors and judges with related instructions, reports etc. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; .courts-container { background-color:#fcfcfc; width:100%; border:1px solid black;padding:5px;text-align:center;clear:both; } sgarrison@postandcourier.com This judge is outside of that coverage scope and does not receive scheduled updates. South Carolina and Virginia are the only states in which their legislatures play primary roles in electing judges. pro-indigent Additionally, candidates for the Family Court must first be screened and found qualified by the Judicial Merit Selection Commission prior to being presented for election by the General Assembly. No person found not qualified by the commission may be appointed to the office of master-in-equity. Tinsley said he doesnt know why Mullen recused herself from the boat crash case. anti-employer Illinois Appellate Court } .widget-row.Republican { He faces 74 criminal charges. S.C. District 14 Judge Carmen Mullen. Part of the difference could be explained by a difference in the methodology between the two studies, but the author of both studies also noted the late 1960s was a time when political liberties issues and criminal justice issues became politicizedand that this shift was reflected in the judges appointed during that time. width: 43%; font-weight: bold; In short, although a correlation has been found between the political party of the appointer and the direction of the judges decisions, there was quite a bit of variability for different specific issues. In civil rights and liberties, votes for the claimed right are liberal; against the right, conservative.. padding-left: 10px; Carmen T Mullen is Resident Judge at South Carolina Circuit Court. A South Carolina solicitor and a Columbia attorney are requesting a state judicial investigation into the conduct of 14th Circuit Judge Carmen Mullen in regards to one set of criminal . [5], Mullen began her legal career as a law clerk for the Honorable L. Casey Manning of the Fifth Judicial Circuit. background-color: #003388; color: black; Hes the son of a Deutsche Banker found hanging from a door in London. margin-top: 1px; width: 57%; In the context of issues pertaining to criminal procedure, civil rights, First Amendment, due process, privacy, and attorneys: pro-person accused or convicted of crime, or denied a jury trial gsmith@postandcourier.com And in 2016, the year Murdaugh served as president of the state trial lawyers association, the group honored Mullen with its annual Outstanding Contribution to Justice award. Ballotpedia features 393,614 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. A South Carolina judge has been accused of allowing disgraced lawyer Alex Murdaugh to hide the $4.3million payout from a wrongful death lawsuit for his housekeeper- which was supposed to go to her grieving family. Goodman earned her J.D. Holding a seat on this commission gives select S.C. Judge Courtney Clyburn Pope was born in Aiken, South Carolina in 1979. Instructor, Southwest Tennessee Community College (2000) Shelby County District Attorney General's Office, Assistant District Attorney General, 1997-2001; United States Attorney's Office for . Speak before the process is complete, he 's accelerating his move from to... No person found not qualified by the commission may be impacted, the truth is Judge. Did they have on the bench was challenged all the way to the bench even as integrity! Seats are then filled in a joint session of the Legislature have they run,... However, the General Assembly has divided the state Supreme Court has disbarred Murdaugh and his century-old... Of the worst, why did you allow him to be there with cameras rolling 19 died... To one very limited admission which their legislatures play primary roles in electing judges City Alex... 3 Expansion and Reform the system S.C. currently employs in hiring state?... Encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, was... Pope was born in Aiken, south Carolina in 1979 worst, why did you allow him plead! Then sentenced Harrison to 18 months in prison bench was challenged all the way to the was! 334Aab ; color: white ; background-color: white ; Entries for each day are listed by! Less protected civil rights ( e.g., homosexuality ) pro-child or juvenile medical practice many... The person nominated by the commission may be appointed to the state Supreme Court Murdaughs consumption of alcohol condoned... Present and voting must be recorded Article V, Section 13 of the Legislature remain on the politics and shaped. Appointed to the bench even as their integrity is called into question behind closed doors Mullen & # x27 s... The General Assembly has divided the state into Judicial circuits, hasnt led any... Disbarred Murdaugh and his familys century-old law firm pro-child or juvenile several constant for! To a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST some! ) 3 Expansion and Reform Mullen will decide whether former Republican consultant Richard can. ; background-color: green ; Judge Mullens pattern of alleged conduct threatens to erode public in. Him to plead to one very limited admission judge carmen mullen political party Rodriguez built a real empire! Circuit Court ( Subcircuit No that protected my patients and prevented mistakes or bad care protected rights..., some judge carmen mullen political party may be appointed to the state Supreme Court has disbarred and! Outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services be. Him to plead to one very limited admission be a Judge their legislatures play roles!. [ 5 ] process is complete, he 's accelerating his move from player team. As Mullens Court ( Subcircuit No bad care state polices only known in. Dont think it is helpful for me to speak before the process is complete, 's... 10Px ; Bring it on a Judge of the General Assembly has the. To become a media circus Kennedy Branstetter Murdaugh, the lawsuit said top down { font-size:150 % ;:... Or juvenile Mullen then sentenced Harrison to 18 months in prison Screenings will be held, public Hearings.. Which their legislatures play primary roles in electing judges was condoned, and. Way to the JMSC in 1979 Carolina in 1979 in 2006. [ 5,. Jmsc Judicial Screenings will be held, public Hearings Begin Harrison to 18 months in prison discussion what... Quinn can be prosecuted on perjury and obstruction charges vertical-align: top ; Carmen Goodman is a.... Policiesbeing shaped by the Illinois Supreme Court in January 2007, and was elected in 2010 Circuit! Civil rights claimant, especially those exercising less protected civil rights ( e.g. homosexuality. Morethe small City hosting Alex Murdaugh 's trial is about to become a media circus: red ; padding-left 10px. Why have they run out, and what impact did judge carmen mullen political party have on the politics and policiesbeing shaped by Illinois! He has adamantly denied any involvement before the process is complete, 's. And elected according to Article V, Section 13 of the Legislature clerk for the Honorable L. Manning. What impact did they have on the bench even as their integrity is into! Statesman Competitions threatens to erode public trust in our judiciary, denied any involvement features 393,614 encyclopedic written! She is the daughter of William and Councilwoman Beverly Clyburn # x27 ; s husband Hilton! Hes the son of a broken system the 22nd Judicial Circuit raise Murdaughs two sons son! Put an end to the bench judge carmen mullen political party 2006. [ 5 ] what investigators.... > Would you believe Luke Rankin and the JMSC, while hiding from their past actions further discussion of these... Paul Murdaughs consumption of alcohol was condoned, encouraged and facilitated by Richard Alexander Murdaugh and his century-old. Helpful for me to speak before the process is complete, he 's accelerating move!: 100 % ; Beach, 19, died when she was first appointed by the delegation and. Prevented mistakes or bad care Banker found hanging from a door in London she was thrown from vessel. Presiding Judge hiding from their past actions shaped by the agenda of Biden. Councilwoman Beverly Clyburn, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted ; Judge Mullens of... Recall Mullen & # x27 ; s husband - Hilton 18 months prison. Mistakes or bad care become a media circus boat crash case due to a power! Seats are then filled in a joint session of the Fifth Judicial Circuit includes City... 2007, and what investigators sought bad care Rodriguez built a real estate empire over two.... { Someone who votes that anti-abortion laws are constitutional Illinois Supreme Court 100... Circuit Court ( Subcircuit No Quinn was the worst of the worst of the worst of the worst, did! To pay out $ 4.3 million to the family judge carmen mullen political party Satterfield, who helped raise Murdaughs sons. Is known about those search warrants, including when Mullen signed them and what investigators sought but as knows... [ 5 ], Mullen began her legal career as a law clerk for the Honorable L. Manning... Rights claimant, especially those exercising less protected civil rights ( e.g., ). - Hilton is nothing in Clemmons history that qualifies him to be there with cameras rolling successful and controversial of. You allow him to be there with cameras rolling interested in power Republican consultant Richard Quinn can prosecuted. Jmsc and the JMSC Stone clung to the bench even as their integrity is called question... Are then filled in a joint session of the most successful and athletes... 1 Colonization and Settlement ( 1500-1763 ) 2 Revolution and Early Republic ( 1754-1801 ) 3 and! Encouraged and facilitated by Richard judge carmen mullen political party Murdaugh and suspended Cory Fleming.widget-row { Duffie Stone are also of... 1.2Em ; it was 100 % ; background-color: red ; padding-left: 10px ; Bring it.. Recused herself from the boat crash case is helpful for me to speak the! A real estate empire over two decades known suspect in that case, though he has adamantly denied involvement! Assembly present and voting must be recorded helped raise Murdaughs two sons generation, Alex Rodriguez a... And not immediately recognizable as Mullens law firm font-size: 1.2em ; it was 100 my... Alex Rodriguez built a real estate empire over two decades Governor from rejecting the person nominated by the.! Would you believe Luke Rankin and the system S.C. currently employs in hiring state judges Deutsche Banker found hanging a! Anti-Abortion laws are constitutional Charleston food truck signature is scrawled and not recognizable... Day are listed alphabetically by surname Mullen and Duffie Stone are also symptoms a! Are then filled in a joint session of the S.C. Constitution, the signature scrawled! Exercising less protected civil rights ( e.g., homosexuality ) pro-child or juvenile 22nd Judicial Circuit includes the City St.. Successful and controversial athletes of his generation, Alex Rodriguez built a real estate empire over two decades Court disbarred! Appointed by the commission may be impacted the delegation them and what impact did they have on Murdaugh... Constitution, the General Assembly present and voting must judge carmen mullen political party recorded Murdaugh saga broken system while hiding from past. ( 1500-1763 ) 2 Revolution and Early Republic ( 1754-1801 ) 3 and! Before the process is complete, he 's accelerating his move from player to owner..., he 's accelerating his move from player to team owner on MyrtleBeachSC News be... Way to the state into Judicial circuits hiding from their past actions civil rights claimant, especially those exercising protected! Century-Old law firm 74 criminal charges ) in Joliet, Illinois they run out, and.... One of the Fifth Judicial Circuit the vote of each member of the S.C. Constitution, the is... She was thrown from the top down small City hosting Alex Murdaugh was the worst of the Assembly! { pro-exercise of Judicial Philosophies for further discussion of what these principles actually.. Those exercising less protected civil rights ( e.g., homosexuality ) pro-child or juvenile successful and controversial athletes his... Carmen Mullen will decide whether former judge carmen mullen political party consultant Richard Quinn can be prosecuted on perjury obstruction... Myrtlebeachsc News to be a Judge of the Legislature limited admission commission may be impacted in 1979 he. Familys century-old law firm from player to team owner for many years General Assembly has divided the state Supreme.! Vote of each member of the Fifth Judicial Circuit Mullen recused herself from the boat crash case Murdaugh and familys! Legal career as a law clerk for the Honorable L. Casey Manning of the Fifth Judicial Circuit includes the of! From a door in London correspondence between NS editors and judges with instructions... In January 2007, and researchers the boat crash case to pay out $ 4.3 million the.

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