henry flagler daughter

The rumor mill suspected that this change in priorities was due to Henry's association with one Ida Alice Shourds a red-haired, green-eyed actress who was rumored to have been Mary Harkness Flagler's nursemaid during her final years. Henry Flagler, son of a Presbyterian minister, had Memorial Presbyterian Church built in memory of his daughter Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict and her newborn daughter Margery, both of whom died in 1889. Asylum records from this era show women being admitted and held for ailments such as "suppressed menses", "mental {or} religious excitement", and the infamous catch-all "hysteria". Covert, Robert. She had been en route to St. Augustine from Charleston, South Carolina on the schooner Oneida. She and her family were given expensive gifts by Henry Flagler in celebration. Congress concluded that newspapers in Florida and across the South spread the deceitful news against Flagler. Flamingo Visitor Center is 24 miles away. Expert Help. Sixty miles (97km) south, the area today known as Miami was reportedly unharmed by the freeze. He returned to St. Augustine in 1885 and made Smith an offer. It was reported that people along the railway line waited all night for the passing of the funeral train as it traveled from Palm Beach to St. Researching those perspectives is like playing the telephone game with the dead; something is bound to get confused.). Rather than try to influence the price of crude oil directly, Standard Oil had been exercising indirect control by altering oil storage charges to suit market conditions. In 1868, at age 37, Flagler joined with John Rockefeller and Samuel Andrews to form the Rockefeller, Andrews and Flagler Oil Refinery. See more ideas about flagler, key west, florida. After a time, Flagler began to turn over some of his duties at Standard Oil to younger blood. In the early 1880s, Flagler and Rockefeller created one of their most important innovations. Ralph, Julian. [citation needed], When looking back at Flagler's life, after Flagler's death, George W. Perkins, of J.P. Morgan & Co., reflected, "But that any man could have the genius to see of what this wilderness of waterless sand and underbrush was capable and then have the nerve to build a railroad here, is more marvelous than similar development anywhere else in the world. He was instrumental in stopping an Al-Qaeda attack on the USS Seahawk battlegroup (which the Watertown was a part of). His half-sisters Mary Esther (16 y/o in 1830), Jane Augusta (14), and Caroline (3.5) were the daughters of his father's first two wives. The grand marble building was named by the final Mrs. Flagler herself: "Whitehall." According to historian David Leon Chandler, Henry Flagler is believed to either have bought a deferment in 1862 or provided the government supplies instead of service. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. [9], By 1869, there was three times more kerosene refining capacity than needed to supply the market, and the capacity remained in excess for many years. (bosses daughter) Mary Harkness (step cousin) 1853. [62], Flagler was entombed in the Flagler family mausoleum at Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine alongside his first wife, Mary Harkness; daughter, Jenny Louise; and granddaughter, Marjorie. Flagler and Rockefeller eventually prevailed and the railroad sold all its oil interests to Standard. Imagine how many different perspectives a group of people can have about the same topic. As we know, Flagler's business activity in Florida had earned him the attention of the public as well as state officials. Pratt and Rogers became Flagler and Rockefeller's partners. It added its own pipelines, tank cars, and home delivery network. Indeed, there was a legal loophole provided to affluent Americans they were allowed to pay $300 to the government and hire a substitute to serve in their place. 91 is preserved inside a Beaux Arts pavilion built to look like a 19th-century railway palace. The Paris Rothschilds jumped into the fray providing financing. As he grew older, he became determined to never be poor again. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. One of Flagler's other St. Augustine Hotels, the Casa Monica, was originally built by Franklin W. Smith, who built the Villa Zorayda. Although not much is known about Ida Alice Flagler, many sources claim she became fond of opulent parties and leisurely pursuits that were available to the fabulously wealthy. May 17, 2018. The Early Years of The Ponce de Leon: Clippings from an Old Scrap Book of those days. The current sanctuary building that is seen today was built in the late 1880s and early 1890s by gracious donations from Henry Morrison Flagler. As a gift to Kenan, Flagler built Whitehall, a 55-room winter getaway in Palm Beach. She lived the rest of her life in New York, under strict supervision by her guardians (who were chosen by Flagler, of course). Pennzoil and Chevron have remained separate companies. Dr. Shelton had attended Flagler's daughter Jennie Benedict when she died from complications after childbirth in 1889. However there were many reports harsh working conditions and forced indebtedness to the company, and malfeasance by labor agents who hired men for the railway. Generally, we are not often able to share specifics about the man himself. Indeed, Flagler's second sojourn to St. Augustine went off without a hitch the recently constructed San Marco hotel accommodated him and Ida Alice well, and he found himself to be amongst peers instead of invalids. St. Augustine, Florida Henry Morrison Flagler (1830-1913) built this church to the glory of God as a memorial to his daughter, Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict, who passed away as a result of childbirth in 1889. Julia was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1849 to Ephraim Sturtevant and his wife. Alternately called cruel, philanthropic, pitiless and visionary in his lifetime, Henry Morrison Flagler (1830-1913) was a complicated man. [41] Standard Oil's combined assets equalled approximately $42,882,650 (equivalent to $1.29billion in 2021[6]) in Indiana, Kentucky, New Jersey, New York and Ohio. Flagler wanted to take advantage of additional trade with Cuba and Latin America as well as the increased trade with the west that the Panama Canal would bring. NY By genealogy.com user October 24, 1999 at 04:39:45. Over 30 years, Flagler had invested about $50 million in railroad, home and hotel construction and had made donations to suffering farmers after the freeze in 1894. In 1897, Flagler opened the exclusive Royal Palm Hotel on the north bank of the Miami River where it overlooked Biscayne Bay. Played by Tom Amandes. The railroads were fighting fiercely for traffic and, in an attempt to create a cartel to control freight rates, formed the South Improvement Company in collusion with Standard and other oil men outside the main oil centers. Flagler also met one Dr. Andrew Anderson, who would almost immediately become a lifelong partner and friend. Equivalent to a 15% discount, they put Standard Oil in position to significantly undercut other oil refineries. Rockefeller retained his nominal title as president until 1911 and he kept his stock. He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. Mary was born in Ohio in 1833. The Washington Post. His father was a Presbyterian minister, Isaac Flagler. Barely any of Ida Alice's personal writings have survived, so there is a major piece of the puzzle missing. However, many other officials were wary of Henry Flagler. Cutthroat Cruel business man. "[38] Flagler and Rockefeller worked hard for their company to achieve such prominence. Rogers, in particular, became one of Flagler and Rockefeller's key men in the formation of the Standard Oil Trust. After a few short weeks, the family all moved back to New York, much to the detriment of Mary Harkness Flagler's health, which got progressively worse in the coming years. This field trip will walk you through the life of Henry Morrison Flagler and the great impact he made on South Florida. VisitStAugustine.com, 2022. [46], Realizing the need for a sound transportation system to support his hotel ventures, Flagler purchased short line railroads in what would later become known as the Florida East Coast Railway. [36] The court ruled that the trust originated in illegal monopoly practices and ordered it to be broken up into 34 new companies. If they refused the offer, Flagler and Rockefeller told them they would run them into bankruptcy and then cheaply buy up their assets at auction. In 1887, Congress created the Interstate Commerce Commission, which was tasked with enforcing equal rates for all railroad freight, but by then Standard depended more on pipeline transport. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. Their efforts to monopolize the oil industry are referred to as the 'Cleveland Massacre,' and though John D. Rockefeller is generally more well-known than Henry Flagler, quotes from Rockefeller credit Flagler with the monopolization idea. An incident that is commonly cited as being 'the straw that broke the camel's back' occurred on one of the Flaglers' expensive yachts (of which the couple had many the Alicia was even named after Ida Alice). On the condition that Anderson get the city's streets paved, Henry Flagler agreed to buy a portion of that land. [65] After Flagler's death, she married an old friend, Robert Worth Bingham, who used an inheritance from her to buy the Louisville Courier-Journal newspaper. Last Train to Paradise: Henry Flagler and the Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Railroad that Crossed an Ocean (Paperback) by. As success quickly mounted for the young corporation, Flagler began to better provide for his family, moving them to Euclid Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio. Castleden, Louise Decatur. Version accessed: St. Augustine, FL: Historic Print & Map Company, 2004. [18][19] Standard countered and held back its shipments and, with the help of other railroads, started a price war that dramatically reduced freight payments and caused labor unrest as well. "[39] Not only did Flagler and Rockefeller's Standard Oil company become well known in Ohio, they expanded to other states, as well as gained additional capital in purchasing smaller oil refining companies across the nation. So, when sources from the time period say that Ida Alice Shourds Flagler was insane, one must look closely and think critically. McGuire & McDonald were in charge of construction. Mary Flagler Cary (1901-1967) was the daughter of Harry Harkness Flagler, and granddaughter of Henry Morrison Flagler, one of the founders of Standard Oil. Son of the late Henry M. Flagler, but never interested himself in his father's railroad and development projects in Florida, nor in the Standard Oil Co. through his mother, the former Mary Harkness. In less than four months in 1872, in what was later known as "The Cleveland Conquest" or "The Cleveland Massacre", Standard Oil had absorbed 22 of its 26 Cleveland competitors. Flagler and Rockefeller saw themselves as the industry's saviors, "an angel of mercy" absorbing the weak and making the industry as a whole stronger, more efficient, and more competitive. Her eldest daughter, Jennie Louise, was twenty- six. Les Standiford (Goodreads Author) (shelved 3 times as henry-flagler) avg rating 4.08 3,518 ratings published 2002. Nine trustees, including Rockefeller, ran the 41 companies in the trust. The year was 1885, the month was April and things were just getting started. Standard Oil grew to become one of the largest shippers of oil and kerosene in the country. By 1849, Flagler was promoted to the sales staff at a salary of $40 per month. Flagler. PROLOGUE: In 1844, Henry Flagler dropped out of school. In January of 1870 at the age of 40, Flagler officially co-founded Standard Oil alongside John D. Rockefeller. In 1901, U.S. Steel, now controlled by J. Pierpont Morgan, having bought Andrew Carnegie's steel assets, offered to buy Standard's iron interests as well. In 1878, his wife Mary fell ill, and died on May 18, 1881, at age 47, leaving Henry Flagler with a young son to raise alone. "How Slave Labor Built the State of Florida Decades After the Civil War." Carolina Story: Virtual Museum of University History", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lily_Kenan_Flagler_Bingham&oldid=1125142626, This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 11:49. Their estate was called Kirkside and was built west of the Ponce de Leon property. One stormy night, Alice is said to have nearly caused a shipwreck by not allowing the captain to return to port for several hours, despite experiencing gale-force winds and seasick friends. . He served as a vice president through 1908 and was part of ownership until 1911. . At the same time, he began to have an affair with Mary Lily Kenan; by 1899, newspapers began to openly question whether the two were having an affair. (To get a first-hand account of the journey from New York to St. Augustine, visit our page on Constance Fenimore Woolson's article "The Ancient City In Two Parts," which was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine in 1874.). Gainesville, FL. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830. By the start of the Civil War in 1861, Rockefeller was brokering most of the Harkness grain. Flagler divorced Shourds in 1901 and just 10 days later married Mary Lily Kenan. After many years of work, it opened on January 10, 1888, and was an instant success. In 1885 he decided to build a luxury hotel there which would attract the country's elite. View Henry Flagler.pptx from HISTORY 10 at Jupiter High School. Henry Morrison Flagler was born in 1830 into humble circumstances, his father a Presbyterian minister. She is next to her mother and Flagler's first wife, Marjorie Mary Harkness Flagler. As elated as the couple was to meet their first and only son, her condition made planning for Harry's future feel disturbingly somber. He also used labor agencies to bring around 4,000 new immigrants to Florida who contracted to work until their transportation costs had been paid off. [43], When Flagler's first wife Mary (ne Harkness) fell sick, his physician recommended they travel to Jacksonville for the winter to escape the brutal conditions of the North. Mary Lily Kenan Flagler inherited the majority of Henry Flagler's fortune but was unlucky enough to die of an apparent heart attack, only five years after Flagler's death. According to Florida historian Thomas Graham in his book The Awakening of St. Augustine, an acquaintance of the businessman once inquired about whether his judgment was sound when he decided to invest in Florida (one can imagine that they may not have been acquaintances for very long afterward). She was the daughter of Lamon G. Harkness and Julia Follet. Perhaps fortunately for Smith, he couldn't come up with the funds,[45] so Flagler began construction of the 540-room Ponce de Leon Hotel by himself, but spent several times his original estimate. Municipal, State, and Federal government officials questioned how many limits they should place on these "Captains of Industry." If you stroll through the area of St. Augustine immediately west of downtown, you will experience the extraordinary influence of New Yorker Henry Morrison . [51] In 1901, Flagler bribed the Florida Legislature and Governor to pass a law that made incurable insanity grounds for divorce, opening the way for Flagler to remarry. Jennie Louise was now a young married woman of twenty-four years; Carrie had died as a child; the son Harry was eight. His wife, Mary Harkness, had never been of robust health; she had borne three children. Henry started spending a great deal more time in Florida, soon claiming the state as his permanent residence. However, this kindly nickname does not do justice to the full story of Flagler, who was nearly fifty years old when he first set foot in Florida in 1878. They were rightfully concerned about allowing a wildly wealthy individual to have that much control over the public works of St. Augustine. Mary's health was poor throughout her life, although she and Henry had three children: Jenny Louise, Carrie, and Harry Harkness. By then the trust still had a 70% market share of the refined oil market but only 14% of the U.S. crude oil supply. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. The couple traveled to St. Augustine, Florida, which they . Biography. July, 1975. pg. My 4th great-grandmother, Elizabeth Howes, married (1) William Jones (my ancestor) and (2nd) Colonel Henry Ostrom, of Pleasant Valley & Patterson, Dutchess County, NY. the Trust and Non-Profit Organization established by Flagler's grand-daughter Jean Flagler Matthews, to preserve Whitehall, has . "Henry M. Flagler's Hotel Ponce de Len.". "1892-A Year of Crucial Decisions in Florida", This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 15:49. If you ask the same question in Florida, most people will have known someone who lives on Flagler Blvd., in Flagler County, or down the road from the Flagler Museum. In Bellevue he courted and married his step-uncle's (Lamon Harkness) second daughter, Mary Harkness, November 9, 1853. Henry Flagler and his wife Ida Alice traveled to Jacksonville, Florida for their honeymoon. So, the Flagler family (Henry, Mary, little Harry, Jennie, and her first husband, John Arthur Hinckley) spent the winter of 1877-1878 in St. Augustine. Ida Alice (ne Shourds) Flagler had been a caregiver for Mary. His business dealings, along with those of partner John D. Rockefeller's, were laid out in painstaking detail by one bold muckraker of the era, Ida Flagler encouraged fruit farming and settlement along his railway line and made many gifts to build hospitals, churches and schools in Florida. Col Henry Ostrom & Elizabeth Flagler? Finally, Dan Harkness (7 perhaps Henry's favorite sibling), was Henry's mother's son from her first husband. While many tourists were satisfied with the charms of rural Florida, the appeal quickly wore off for the Flaglers, Henry specifically. In 1853 Mary married Henry Morrison Flagler and together they were parents of three children. Those who failed to fulfill these expectations were often punished for it. Tarbell's father had been driven out of the oil business during the South Improvement Company affair. Mary Harkness had been frail since childhood and her father often sent to a boarding school Savannah, Georgia as a means of sparing her from harsh northern winters. [52] A spouse's mental incapacity was later restored by the legislature as a grounds for dissolution of marriage, and remains the law of Florida today. He recruited Henry Flagler to join him, and the youth went to Ohio at age 14, where he started work in 1844 at a salary of US$5 per month plus room and board. He had caught the smell of opportunity in Florida and would eventually follow it all the way south to Key West. This project sparked Flagler's interest in creating a new "American Riviera." Last (and perhaps most importantly), the truth is a hard thing to garner when it comes to what happened in the past even harder than it is today. So, Henry was the youngest of a large mixed family. The state provided incentive in the form of 3,840 acres (15.5km2) for every mile (1.6km) of track constructed.[49]. She married Frederick L. Tuttle 1867-1886), and they had two children, Frances Emeline 1868 and Henry 1870. She was the mother of his three children. Henry B Flagler was born on month day 1836, at birth place, New York, to Thomas Flagler and Rachael M Flagler. However, Smith had fallen on some hard times and sold the hotel to Henry Flagler not long after it opened in 1888. Henry Flagler is a famous Entrepreneurwho has a net worth of $60 Million. Standard Oil had gained an aura of invincibility, always prevailing against competitors, critics, and political enemies. It was a small town of roughly 1,000 individuals, but familial connections led to a job at a general store. She left the millions she inherited to members of her family and to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. [12], Undeterred, though vilified for the first time by the press, Flagler and Rockefeller continued with their self-reinforcing cycle of buying competing refiners, improving the efficiency of operations, pressing for discounts on oil shipments, undercutting competition, making secret deals, raising investment pools, and buying rivals out. Jul 1, 2020 - Explore Patricia Cipolla's board "Henry Flagler" on Pinterest. In 1869, Henry Flagler began buying out small oil refineries on behalf of John D. Rockefeller, who had it in his mind to monopolize the oil industry in Ohio. Flagler found the city charming, but the hotel facilities and transportation systems inadequate. Several years later, in 1870, their only son, Henry Harkness Flagler, was born. Whatever the case may be, Flagler focused on his family and his fortune during the years of 1861 to 1865. Today, when you ask someone if they know about Henry Flagler, they are likely to answer with a shake of their head and a shrug. [56][57], When the Department of Justice prosecuted four Flagler employment agents in 1908 for "conspiracy to hold workmen in peonage and slavery," the Flagler-owned The Florida Times-Union and other Florida newspapers depending on the Times-Union for material or owned by Flagler published articles to "influence juries and public opinion." At the time, Key West was Florida's most populous city, with a population of 20,000, and it was also the United States' deep water port closest to the canal that the U.S. government proposed to build in Panama. Harry and Annie's daughter Jean Louise Flagler made Palm Beach a large part of her life. Ida. Both of Henry's parents had been married previously. Henry Morrison Flagler was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. Only his son Harry Harkness Flagler survived of the three children by his first marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness. The Bingham-Flagler marriage (and questions about her death or possible murder) figured prominently in several books that appeared in the 1980s, when the Bingham family sold the newspaper in the midst of great acrimony. When the city was incorporated in 1896, its citizens wanted to honor the man responsible for its growth by naming it "Flagler". Welcome to Ms. Collins, Ms. Bellino, and Ms. King's 4th grade history virtual fieldtrip! Harry, her son, was eleven years old. VisitStAugustine.com. [11] Part of this scheme was the announcement of sharply increased freight charges. https://staughs.com/the-mary-lily-kenan-conspiracy/. [citation needed], The Overseas Railroad, also known as the Key West Extension of the Florida East Coast Railway, was heavily damaged and partially destroyed in the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935. 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